A Phylogenetic Analysis of Ant Morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Special Reference to the Poneromorph Subfamilies
Por um escritor misterioso
Descrição
Efforts to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) have been boosted in the last few years by accumulation of comprehensive molecular data sets exploring multiple loci on a wide range of taxa within the family. In contrast, the wealth of morphological information for the group remains scattered across the literature comprising more than a century's worth of taxonomic and anatomical research with little standardization. The present study addresses this problem by providing a synthesis of the external skeletal morphology of ants with special emphasis on the poneromorph subfamilies (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae, and Proceratiinae). Particular attention was devoted to documenting and standardizing morphological characters for phylogenetic inference. The morphological analysis was undertaken by constructing a digital atlas of 28 standard views containing 5250 scanning electron micrographs documenting worker ant morphology from which detailed anatomical comparison could be accurately performed. The final matrix describes 139 characters (60% of which are completely new or coded cladistically here for the first time) for 105 terminals representing ∼90% of extant poneromorph genera plus all other extant formicid subfamilies, with the exception of the rare Martilinae, and nonformicid outgroups. This matrix was analyzed with parsimony under both equal weights and implied weights (i.e., where characters are downweighted as a function of their homoplasy). The poneromorph subfamilies form a paraphyletic assemblage with the dorylomorphs, leptanillomorphs, and myrmicomorphs nested inside. All the above subfamilies are in turn reconstructed as nested within a paraphyletic group comprising the formicomophs myrmeciomorphs. These results are in concordance with traditional precladistic views of the subfamily relationships but are markedly different from current estimates based on molecular data.
Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini, and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
List Of Ant Subfamilies: Most Up-to-Date Encyclopedia, News & Reviews
A Revision of Male Ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Resurrections of the Genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer
A taxonomic revision and a review of the biology of the North American seed-harvester ant genus Veromessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)
A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF ANT MORPHOLOGY ( HYMENOPTERA : FORMICIDAE ) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PONEROMORPH SUBFAMILIES
Insects, Free Full-Text
A new species and new record of the cryptobiotic ant genus Ponera Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Hong Kong
Neoponera Emery, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) revisited: 1. The N. laevigata species-group in: Insect Systematics & Evolution Volume 54 Issue 1 (2023)
First record of the myrmicine ant genus Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915 ( Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from India with description of a new species
Diversity of Species and Behavior of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Ants: A Review
Insects, Free Full-Text
Zigrasimecia - Wikipedia
Agroecomyrmecinae - Wikipedia
de
por adulto (o preço varia de acordo com o tamanho do grupo)
